Inflammation

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	Anti-inflammatory food
Diet (food in general)	Strawberry extracts may prevent inflammation: Study	Compounds found in strawberries may decrease levels of inflammatory markers and reduce the risk of a range of conditions, including metabolic syndrome, suggests a new study published in the British Journal of Nutrition. doi: 10.1017/S0007114511001176 “Strawberry anthocyanin and its association with postprandial inflammation and insulin” - Authors: I. Edirisinghe, K. Banaszewski, J. Cappozzo, et al
Diet (food in general)	Citrus flavonoids show anti-inflammatory potential	Increased intakes of compounds called flavonoids from citrus may be associated with lower levels of markers of inflammation, according to a tudy from researchers at Harvard, Sweden and Singapore. Journal of Nutrition doi: 10.3945/jn.110.133843 - “Selected Dietary Flavonoids Are Associated with Markers of Inflammation and Endothelial Dysfunction in U.S. Women” - Authors: R. Landberg, Q. Sun, E.B. Rimm, A. Cassidy, A. Scalbert, C.S. Mantzoros, F.B. Hu, R.M. van Dam
Probiotics	Dead or alive: Probiotics benefits beyond the grave	Dead probiotic bacteria that typically reside alongside live cultures in probiotic formulations, could be contributing to healthful effects, researchers told the Probiotech conference in Milan. Dr Pot’s presentation focused on the idea that certain probiotics could be naturally selected to deliver anti-inflammatory benefits, and he highlighted how those cultures that die along the way, could still perform a function in probiotic function and cell signalling,
Probiotics	New study proposes probiotic mechanism for Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD) benefits	A protein on the surface of specific probiotic bacteria may promote anti-inflammatory responses in the gut and explain the potential role of select probiotics to ease symptoms of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

“If alternative pain management services are not provided by the NHS, the demand will need to be fulfilled elsewhere”.

(Rao et al 1999, Haetzmann et al 2003) and (NHS Practice Improvement Scotland, The Management of Chronic Pain in Adults, Best Practice Statement Feb 2006)

About inflammation

Chronic inflammation is brought about by an over-expression or lack of control of the normal protective mechanisms.

In a review in Nutrition, Metabolism & Cardiovascular Diseases (2004, Vol. 14, pp. 228-232), Italian scientists noted that “obesity, insulin resistance, and diabetes are associated with a pro-inflammatory state, which in turn is associated with increased cardiovascular risk”.

Chronic inflammation has also been linked to a range of conditions linked to heart disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and Alzheimer's, type-2 diabetes, and arthritis.

A list of established biomarkers for inflammation exists, with commonly touted markers including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), IL-10, IL-18, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha). The link between inflammation and chronic disease has been strengthened by identification and acceptance of these biomarkers. Reducing the levels of these biomarkers has been a target for a number of nutrition studies.